Phenol Crystals & Liquid

Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is a versatile and widely used organic compound with a distinctive aromatic odor and a range of practical applications. This compound boasts a fascinating set of properties that make it valuable in various industries, from healthcare to manufacturing. 

Properties

Phenol (C6H5OH) is an aromatic organic compound characterized by its unique properties, which contribute to its diverse range of applications:

1. Hydroxyl Group: Phenol contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a benzene ring, making it a type of alcohol. This hydroxyl group imparts both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and some acidic properties to phenol.

2. Aromaticity: Phenol exhibits a strong aromatic character due to its benzene ring. This property contributes to its stability and chemical reactivity.

3. Antiseptic Properties: Phenol has powerful antiseptic and disinfectant properties, which make it effective in killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms.

4. Solvent Properties: Phenol is a versatile solvent, particularly for polar and nonpolar compounds, making it valuable in various chemical processes.

Uses

1. Antiseptics and Disinfectants: Phenol has long been used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in healthcare settings. It is employed in solutions such as carbolic soap and throat lozenges to kill or inhibit the growth of pathogens.

2. Plastics and Polymers: Phenol is a crucial precursor in the production of various plastics, including phenolic resins and epoxy resins. These materials are used extensively in the manufacture of composites, coatings, and adhesives.

3. Pharmaceuticals: Phenol serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical chemicals. It is used in the production of analgesics, antiseptics, and other medicinal compounds.
   

4. Lubricants and Dyes: Phenol is used in the production of lubricating oils and dyes. It contributes to the stability and performance of these products.

Health Benefits

1. Antiseptic and Disinfectant Properties: Phenol's strong antiseptic properties make it effective in preventing and treating various skin infections, as well as in sanitizing surfaces in healthcare and laboratory environments.

2. Pain Relief: Some formulations containing phenol, such as throat lozenges, provide relief from sore throat and minor mouth and throat discomfort.

3. Chemical Intermediates for Medicinal Compounds: Phenol's role as a chemical intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry contributes to the development of various medicinal compounds used to treat a wide range of illnesses.

4. Solvent in Medicinal Formulations: Phenol is used as a solvent in certain pharmaceutical formulations, enhancing the solubility of active ingredients in medicinal products.

Phenol, with its unique properties and versatility, plays a crucial role in various industries and healthcare settings. Its antiseptic, disinfectant, and chemical properties make it indispensable for a wide range of applications, from manufacturing to medicine. As research continues, we can anticipate further advancements in the use of phenol, benefiting both industry and health.

Please note that the information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice. 

References

1.  Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission. (2014). Indian Pharmacopoeia. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.

2. Silva R., et al. (2013). Impact of Inherited Bleeding Disorders on Quality of Life of Young Adults in Portugal. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 11(S2), 17-25.

3. Bessonneau V., et al. (2010). Indoor Transfer of Pesticides: Modeling of Residential Exposure Pathways in Children. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(2), 670-676.

4. Bloomfield S.F., et al. (2015). The Significance of Microbial Antimicrobial Activity to the Design of Hygiene Procedures. Journal of Food Protection, 78(6), 1148-1155.

5. Bhattacharyya R., et al. (2016). A Comprehensive Guide to Textile Dyeing. CRC Press.

6. Cripps R., et al. (2014). Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight. Macmillan Higher Education.

7. Katritzky A.R. (2010). Handbook of Heterocyclic Chemistry. Elsevier.

8. Utracki L.A. (2002). Phenolic Resins: Chemistry, Applications, Standardization, Safety, and Ecology. Springer Science & Business Media.

9. McDonnell G., Russell A.D. (1999). Antiseptics and Disinfectants: Activity, Action, and Resistance. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12(1), 147-179.

10. Aldrich Chemical Company. (2016). Aldrich Handbook of Fine Chemicals and Laboratory Equipment 2016-2017. Sigma-Aldrich.

11. Szabó L.F., et al. (2016). Phenol and Its Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents: A Comprehensive Review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 46(7), 765-795.

12. Clayden J., et al. (2012). Organic Chemistry. Oxford University Press.

13. Silverstein R.M., et al. (2014). Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds. Wiley.

Phenol Ph. Eur. (Crystals)

Colourless or faintly pink or faintly yellowish, crystals or crystalline masses, deliquescent. Soluble in water, very soluble in ethanol (96%), in glycerol and in methylene chloride.

99.0% to 100.5%

Conforms to Ph. Eur. tests

As per Ph. Eur. test: Solution S is clear and not more intensely coloured than reference solution B₆

As per Ph. Eur. test: The solution is yellow

Minimum 39.5°C

Maximum 0.05%

Hazardous class 6.1, UN 1671, Packing group II

Keep container tightly closed in a cool and dry place and protected from light. Protect from contamination by foreign substances.

A colourless or faintly coloured liquid; caustic. Soluble in water, miscible with ethanol (96%), with ether and with glycerol.

77.0 to 81.5% w/w

Conforms to BP tests

As per BP test: The solution is yellow

As per BP test: A solution of 1.0 ml in 14 ml of water, at 20°, is clear and not more intensely coloured than reference solution R7 or B7

1.055gm to 1.060 gm

As per BP test: When heated on a water bath and dried at 105°, leaves not more than 0.05% w/v of residue

Hazardous class 6.1, UN 2821, Packing group II

Keep container tightly closed in a cool and dry place and protected from light. Protect from contamination by foreign substances.