Miconazole
ANTIFUNGAL
CAS no. 22916-47-8 (Miconazole)
CAS no. 22832-87-7 (Miconazole Nitrate)
Miconazole is an antifungal drug used in the treatment of skin fungal infections called dermatophytosis (ringworm) in dogs, cats and other pets.
In human medicine Miconazole is mainly used externally for the treatment of ringworm including jock itch and athlete's foot or internally for oral or vaginal thrush (yeast infection).
BHM Chemicals is a supplier of Ph. Eur. quality Miconazole and Miconazole Nitrate suitable for use in veterinary preparations.
Minimum order quantity: 25kg
Miconazole stands as a pharmaceutical marvel, revered for its complex properties and diverse applications in the medical and veterinary field.
History
Miconazole, chemically known as 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-1H-imidazole, emerged in the mid-20th century as a pioneering antifungal agent. Its inception can be traced back to the diligent research efforts aimed at combating fungal infections. In 1969, scientists at Janssen Pharmaceutica (Belgium) synthesized this compound, marking a significant milestone in antifungal drug development.
Properties
Chemical Composition and Structure:
Miconazole's chemical structure comprises dichlorophenyl groups and an imidazole ring, rendering it a potent antifungal agent. Its mechanism involves disrupting fungal cell membranes by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis, an essential component for their growth.
Pharmacokinetics:
Upon topical application or oral ingestion, miconazole demonstrates bioavailability, penetrating the skin or mucous membranes to exert its antifungal effects. It exhibits moderate absorption rates and distributes widely in tissues, showcasing its efficacy in combating various fungal infections.
Safety Profile:
While generally considered safe, miconazole might cause mild side effects like skin irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. Understanding proper dosage and usage guidelines is crucial to mitigate adverse reactions.
Uses
Antifungal Properties:
Miconazole's primary role lies in combating fungal infections, such as athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch, vaginal yeast infections, and oral thrush. Its mechanism of action disrupts fungal cell membranes, inhibiting their growth and proliferation.
Topical Applications:
Miconazole is available in various formulations, including creams, powders, sprays, and vaginal suppositories, tailored for specific fungal infections. Topical application facilitates direct action on affected areas, ensuring targeted treatment.
Oral Administration:
In some cases, oral formulations of miconazole are prescribed to address systemic fungal infections. However, its usage in oral form is often limited due to considerations related to bioavailability and potential side effects.
Benefits
Broad-Spectrum Efficacy:
Miconazole's spectrum of activity encompasses various fungal strains, making it a versatile choice in treating a wide array of fungal infections affecting different body regions.
Patient Convenience:
The availability of miconazole in diverse formulations ensures convenience for patients, offering tailored treatments suitable for specific infections and preferences.
Role in Healthcare:
Miconazole significantly contributes to managing and curbing the spread of fungal infections, thereby improving patients' quality of life and reducing healthcare burdens associated with these conditions.
Miconazole, a stalwart in antifungal therapy, continues to be an indispensable asset in modern medicine. Its evolution from a synthesized compound to a versatile treatment option highlights its pivotal role in combating fungal infections. With its diverse applications, efficacy, and continued research advancements, miconazole remains a cornerstone in the pharmacological arsenal, promising relief and healing for those grappling with fungal afflictions.
References:
- Ghannoum MA, Rice LB. "Antifungal Agents: Mode of Action, Mechanisms of Resistance, and Correlation of These Mechanisms with Bacterial Resistance." Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999 Apr;12(2):501-17. doi: 10.1128/cmr.12.4.501. PMID: 10194459; PMCID: PMC88920.
- Anstead GM. "Treatment Outcomes in the Era of Fluconazole-Resistant Oropharyngeal Candidiasis." Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Jan;30(1):123-5. doi: 10.1086/313589. PMID: 10619771.
- Sobel JD. "Vulvovaginal Candidosis." Lancet. 2007 May 5;369(9577):1961-71. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60917-9. PMID: 17560447.
Miconazole Ph. Eur.
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
CHARACTERISTICS
Content (Asaay)
Identification
Melting point
Appearance of solution
Optical rotation
Loss on drying
Sulfated ash
Specified impurities
Total impurities
HAZARDOUS IDENTIFICATION
STORAGE
White or almost white powder. Very slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in methanol, soluble in ethanol (96%). It shows polymorphism.
99.0% to 101.0% (dried basis)
Conforms to Ph. Eur. tests
83.0oC – 87.0oC
As per Ph. Eur. test: Solution S is clear and not more intensely coloured than reference solution Y6
-0.10o to +0.10o
Maximum 0.5%
Maximum 0.1%
Not more than 0.25% (each)
Not more than 0.5%
Non-hazardous chemical
Keep container tightly closed in a cool and dry place and protected from light. Protect from contamination by foreign substances.
Miconazole Nitrate Ph. Eur.
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
CHARACTERISTICS
Content (Asaay)
Identification
Melting point
Appearance of solution
Optical rotation
Loss on drying
Sulfated ash
Specified impurities
Unspecified impurities
Total impurities
HAZARDOUS IDENTIFICATION
STORAGE
White or almost white powder. Very slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in methanol, soluble in ethanol (96%). It shows polymorphism.
99.0% to 101.0% (dried basis)
Conforms to Ph. Eur. tests
178.0oC – 184.0oC
As per Ph. Eur. test: Solution S is clear and not more intensely coloured than reference solution Y7
-0.10o to +0.10o
Maximum 0.5%
Maximum 0.1%
Not more than 0.25% (each)
Not more than 0.10% (each)
Not more than 0.5%
Non-hazardous chemical
Keep container tightly closed in a cool and dry place and protected from light. Protect from contamination by foreign substances.
